intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)

definition: < 10th percentile for gestational age

usually not detectable before 32-34 weeks (maximal fetal growth)
incidence:
- 3-7% of all deliveries
- 12-47% of twin pregnancies
complications:
increased risk for perinatal asphysia, meconium aspiration, electrolyte imbalance from metabolic acidosis, polycythemia
6-8 fold increase for intrapartum and neonatal death